Step 1: Investigation Initiation. This phase often begins quietly, with agencies like the FBI, IRS, or SEC gathering evidence. You might not even know you're under investigation at this point, but they could be subpoenaing records, interviewing associates, and monitoring activities. This phase can last months or even years.
Step 2: Grand Jury Proceedings or Indictment. If investigators believe they have sufficient evidence, a grand jury might be convened to determine if there's enough probable cause to issue an indictment. Alternatively, the prosecutor might file an information directly. This formally charges you with a crime and typically takes weeks to months for preparation and presentation.
Step 3: Arrest and Arraignment. If an indictment is returned, an arrest warrant is issued. You'll be taken into custody and then arraigned, where you are formally read the charges and enter a plea. Bail will be set during this hearing. This step usually happens within days of an indictment or information being filed.
Step 4: Discovery and Pre-Trial Motions. Both sides exchange evidence (discovery), and your defense attorney will review everything to identify weaknesses in the prosecution's case. Motions to suppress evidence or dismiss charges are common here. This phase is extensive, often spanning many months, sometimes over a year, due to the volume of complex financial and digital evidence.
This is a general overview, but each case is unique. Having a skilled white collar crime defense lawyer, like Angelo Reyes, on your side from the very beginning is critical. His firm serves clients in San Diego County and surrounding areas.